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Dog Behaviors...Urine Marking Dog BehaviorsUrine Marking Urine marking is a normal form of communication among dogs. Dogs are drawn to urine marks left by other dogs and are apparently able to get information by sniffing the urine, such as the identity, the sex and the reproductive status (whether a dog is neutered or spayed) of the marker. Males are more likely than females to urine mark, and reproductively intact males are more likely to mark than neutered males, especially in the presence of females or rival males. Reproductively intact females will mark, especially prior to coming into and during estrous (before and while they're in heat) to advertise their availability. However, even spayed females sometimes urine mark. A study of urine marking in dogs revealed that 10 percent of the dogs who urine marked started the behavior at 3 months of age, 20 percent by 6 months, 40 percent by 12 months, 70 percent by 1˝ years, and 90 percent before 2 years. Both male and female dogs usually lift a rear leg to urine mark. Females can also do a handstand to raise both rear legs! A dog engaging in urine marking behavior typically deposits only a small amount of urine. Dogs of either sex often engage in 'overmarking'-urinating in the same spots where other dogs have already urinated. In many canid species, more dominant individuals overmark the urine deposits of more subordinate individuals. Many dogs will only overmark the urine of other animals or people. Other dogs will mark a few specific areas or things, such as prominent vertical objects, new objects, or areas around exit doors or windows. Some dogs seem to mark indiscriminately. Many dogs will urine mark during walks but never mark inside their homes. What prompts a dog to urine mark in the home? It might be a territorial response, especially if the marking occurs when a dog encounters a nonresident dog or smells another dog's urine on his property or in his house. For example, a dog might mark on his pet parent's shoes, presumably because the person walked through and picked up the odor of urine from another dog. Other causes for urine marking involve exposure to social triggers, such as encountering a female dog in estrous (in heat). In this kind of situation, a male dog might be prompted to mark to impress the female, while a female dog might be prompted to mark as a form of competition. Male dogs might also urine mark when they find themselves in the presence of rival males. Some dogs never mark in their own homes but will mark when they visit others' homes. A dog is especially likely to urine mark when visiting a home if another dog has previously marked in that home. Dogs who become highly aroused and stimulated in the presence of other dogs, especially in large, gregarious groups, sometimes 'zone out' and urine mark any object in the area, including other dogs and people's legs. On rare occasions, dogs who mark frequently during walks become highly aroused and continue marking when they return to their homes. Treatment for Reproductively Intact Dogs The easiest solution for urine marking in a reproductively intact dog is to neuter a male dog or spay a female dog. Neutering male dogs successfully eliminates or greatly reduces household urine marking in 50 to 60 percent of cases. If you plan to breed your dog and you're resistant to spaying or neutering, you can follow many of the suggestions that follow for dogs who appear to urine mark in response to specific social or environmental triggers. Be aware, however, that the likelihood of successfully eliminating or reducing urine marking is lower if your dog is still intact." Treatment for New Things in the Environment or Social Triggers The following tips might help reduce urine marking in your dog if he performs the behavior when encountering new things in his environment or experiencing certain social situations: - Restrict your dog's access to things he's likely to mark. Don't allow other dogs to visit your home or yard. You can also try blocking your dog's visual access to other dogs. - If you have a male dog, have him wear a jock strap or bellyband (also known as a male dog wrap) so he can mark but not soil in your home. You can purchase a bellyband made for dogs from a pet supply company. This option is especially appropriate if your dog only urine marks when visiting others' homes. - If your dog predictably marks certain objects (bags, suitcases or shoes, for example), or if he only marks in certain locations, place treats around those objects or in those areas. Your dog might start to regard objects he used to mark and places where he used to mark as sources of food rather than triggers for marking. - Clean previously marked locations with an enzymatic cleaner, such as Nature's Miracle® Stain and Odor Remover, to minimize smells that can attract your dog and cause him to mark again. You can find cleaners made for eliminating pet odors at most pet supply stores and some grocery stores. - Try to make marked areas unpleasant to discourage your dog from returning. Try using double-sided sticky tape, vinyl carpet runner turned upside-down to expose the knobby surface, or other types of humane, harmless booby traps. Keep in mind, however, that your dog might simply select another place to urine mark. - Provide your dog with an acceptable target for marking, such as a tree trunk or artificial fire hydrant. Expose him to something that prompts his marking, such as the urine of another dog, and then immediately take him to your chosen target. Wait until he marks, and then reward him with praise and a few tasty treats for marking in the correct place. - Scolding or physically punishing your dog probably won't work, but it's possible that a remotely delivered punishment will interrupt or discourage marking. When you see your dog start to mark, you can try clapping loudly, spraying him with water, or tossing a noisy chain on the floor next to him. It's very important to deliver these punishments while your dog is caught in the act of urine marking. (If you don't make your startling noise right when your dog starts to mark, he won't understand why you're punishing him.) Keep in mind that your dog might be very strongly motivated by the urge to urine mark-so much so that he might not even be aware of what he's doing. If this is the case, punishing or startling him won't work. Another reason that using punishment to discourage urine marking might not work well is that your dog might simply learn that your presence is linked with punishment. If he does, he'll continue to mark, but only when out of your sight. - Try using a synthetic hormone diffuser (DAP™; Dog Appeasement Pheromone). In some cases, it can have a calming effect on dogs. - As a last resort, consult with your veterinarian about using medication in addition to behavior training. Scientific studies show that some medications can help reduce urine marking. Treatment for Anxiety-Induced Urine Marking A small number of dogs urine mark when distressed or anxious. Typically, this kind of marking is prompted by some perceived threat, such as an unfamiliar person or dog in the home, or the introduction of something new, such as a pet, a baby, new furniture, suitcases, grocery bags, etc. Other events and situations that cause stress and trigger urine marking include the absence of a family member, whether human or animal, or conflict between pets or family members within the home. If a dog's urine marking is caused by conflict, he might mark unusual objects, such as beds and clothing-items that smell strongly of a person or another pet. To reduce your dog's anxiety-induced marking, try the following suggestions: - Restrict your dog's access to things that he's likely to mark. - Try to resolve conflicts between family pets. If your pets have lived together for some time and are now not getting along, please consult a qualified professional for help, such as a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist (CAAB), a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Behavior (Dip ACVB), or a Certified Professional Dog Trainer (CPDT) with specialized training and experience treating this kind of problem. - If a new resident has joined your household, try to resolve conflicts between your dog and the new person. Make the new person a source of things your dog really enjoys, such as food, treats, chewies, walks, play and exciting outings. If conflict continues, please consult a qualified professional for help, such as a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist (CAAB), a Diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Behavior (Dip ACVB), or a Certified Professional Dog Trainer (CPDT) with specialized training and experience treating this kind of problem. - If you have a male dog, have him wear a jock strap or bellyband (also known as a male dog wrap) so he can mark but not soil in your home. You can purchase a bellyband made for dogs from a pet supply company. - If your dog predictably marks certain objects (bags, suitcases or shoes, for example), or if he only marks in certain locations, place treats around those objects or in those areas. Your dog might start to regard objects he used to mark and places where he used to mark as sources of food rather than triggers for marking. - Clean previously marked locations with an enzymatic cleaner, such as Nature's Miracle® Stain and Odor Remover, to minimize smells that can attract your dog and cause him to mark again. You can find cleaners made for eliminating pet odors at most pet supply stores and some grocery stores. - Try to make marked areas unpleasant to discourage your dog from returning. Try using double-sided sticky tape, vinyl carpet runner turned upside-down to expose the knobby surface, or other types of humane, harmless booby traps. Keep in mind, however, that your dog might simply select another place to urine mark. - Try using a synthetic hormone diffuser (DAP™; Dog Appeasement Pheromone). In some cases, it can have a calming effect on dogs. - Consult with your veterinarian about the use of medications to supplement behavior modification. Some medications work well to diminish anxiety in dogs, and if your dog feels less anxious, he'll be less likely to urine mark. What NOT to Do - Do not scold your dog. Yelling at dogs when they urine mark rarely works, even when they're caught in the act. - Do not prevent your dog from urine marking during walks. If anything, this can frustrate your dog and increase the likelihood of marking at home. - Do not clean with an ammonia-based cleanser. Urine contains ammonia. Cleaning up your dog's urine with ammonia can attract him back to the same spot to mark again. Information from ASPCA see Submissive Urination outside links ASPCA From Wikipedia: The social unit of dogs is the pack. From research on wolf packs that are formed in captivity, the pack has traditionally been thought of as a tightly knit group composed of individuals that have earned a ranking in a linear hierarchy, and within which there is intense loyalty. It is believed that dogs were able to be domesticated by and succeed in contact with human society because of their social nature. According to this traditional belief, dogs generalize their social instincts to include humans, in essence "joining the pack" of their owner/handler. However, much of this traditional view is based on findings from grey wolf packs that are formed of unrelated animals in captivity, and thus may not apply to natural wolf packs, natural dog packs, or dogs incorporated into a human household. Research in packs formed in the wild indicates that wolves form a family group, including a breeding pair and their offspring. In these familial packs, the terms "dominance," and "submission" are less useful than "parent," and "offspring," and bring with them a number of misconceptions. While the majority of research to date indicates that domestic dogs conform to a hierarchy around an Alpha-Beta-Omega structure, domestic dogs, like their wild wolf counterparts, also interact in complex hierarchical ways. A happy and healthy pet contributes to your own health and happiness. The articles here are constructed to help aide you in making informative decisions concerning your puppy and dog and your family. The intentions of these articles are to help give you choices on how to find your puppy, topics of discussions with family members before the decision to get a dog is set in stone, how to prepare your home for him, how to care for him throughout his life and how to spend quality, enjoyable time with him. Any medical advice or health information should never take the place of your veterinarian. If your dog is not feeling well or there is something wrong, don’t wait! Make a doctor’s appointment with your veterinarian as soon as possible. We welcome any suggestions to our articles. Our contributors are working hard to bring you the most up-to-date quality information. Puppy and Dog Urine Marking inside the house - Dog Behaviors Dog Behaviors Urine Marking Dog related information, articles and descriptive, educational videosincluding related puppy and dog urine marking inside the house - dog behaviors videos when possible

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